The appearance of the Caucasian Shepherd can vary from country to country and from region to region. These breeds generally have a strong, massive body. They have a somewhat bear-like appearance and are muscular and athletic. The shoulder height of an Ovcharka Shepherd is at least 65 cm for a male and 62 cm or more for a female. Generally, the preferred height is 70 cm, or at least between 69 and 85 cm. This breed is therefore very large. An adult Ovcharka weighs around 46 to 65.5 kg.

Their coat has straight, coarse hairs with a well-developed undercoat. A variety of outer coat colors are possible, combined with a light-colored undercoat. They come in various shades of gray and with rust-colored shadings, straw yellow, or earthy tones. Light reddish brown, (reddish) brown, tan, roan, white, and cream are also common, with or without white markings. Brindle, flamed, tigered, and white-spotted coats are also sometimes seen. Sometimes Ovcharkas also have a dark mask. Their appearance is therefore quite varied.